Women in Shakespeares Richard III

Women in Shakespeares Richard III In his play, Richard III, Shakespeare draws on historical facts about several historical women to tell his story. Their emotional reactions reinforce that Richard the villain is the logical conclusion of many years of intrafamily conflict and family politics. The Wars of the Roses were about two branches of the Plantagenet family and a few other closely-related families fighting each other, often to the death. In the Play These women have lost husbands, sons, fathers, or will by the end of the play. Most have been pawns in the marriage game, but nearly all of them who are depicted have had some direct influence on the politics. Margaret (Margaret of Anjou) led armies. Queen Elizabeth (Elizabeth Woodville) promoted her own familys fortunes, making her responsible for the enmity she earned. The Duchess of York (Cecily Neville) and her brother (Warwick, the Kingmaker) were angry enough when Elizabeth married Edward that Warwick changed his support to Henry VI, and the Duchess left court and had little contact with her son, Edward, before his death. Anne Nevilles marriages linked her first with the Lancastrian heir apparent and then with a Yorkist heir. Even little Elizabeth (Elizabeth of York) by her very existence holds power: once her brothers, the Princes in the Tower, are dispatched, the king who marries her has locked up a tighter claim on the crown, though Richard has declared Elizabeth Woodvilles marriage to Edward IV invalid and therefore Elizabeth of York illegitimate. Is History More Interesting Than the Play? But the histories of these women are much more interesting than even the stories that Shakespeare tells. Richard III is in many ways a propaganda piece, justifying the takeover by the Tudor/Stuart dynasty, still in power in Shakespeares England, and at the same time pointing out the dangers of fighting among the royal family. So Shakespeare compresses time, attributes motivations, depicts as facts some incidents that are matters of pure speculation, and exaggerates events and characterizations. Anne Neville Probably the most changed life story is that of Anne Neville. In Shakespeares drama she appears at the beginning at the funeral of her father-in-law (and Margaret of Anjous husband), Henry VI, shortly after her own husband, the Prince of Wales, has also been killed in a battle with Edwards forces. That would be the year 1471 in actual history. Historically, Anne marries Richard, Duke of Gloucester, the next year. They had a son, who was alive in 1483 when Edward IV died suddenly an death Shakespeare has follow quickly on Richards seduction of Anne, and has precede, rather than follow, her marriage to him. Richard and Annes son would be too difficult to explain in his changed timeline, so the son disappears in Shakespeares story. Margaret of Anjou Then theres Margaret of Anjous story: historically, she was actually already dead when Edward IV died. She had been imprisoned right after her husband and son were killed, and after that imprisonment was not at the English court to curse anyone. She was actually then ransomed by the King of France; she ended her life in France, in poverty. Cecily Neville The Duchess of York, Cecily Neville, not only wasnt the first to identify Richard as a villain, she probably worked with him to gain the throne. Wheres Margaret Beaufort? Why did Shakespeare leave out a very important woman,  Margaret Beaufort?  Henry VIIs mother spent most of Richard IIIs reign organizing opposition to Richard.  She was under house arrest for much of Richards reign, as a result of an early rebellion.  But perhaps Shakespeare didnt think it politic to remind the audience of the very important role of a woman in bringing the Tudors to power?

Defining General Education

Defining General Education General Education is the program of education that typically developing children should receive, based on state standards and evaluated by the annual state educational standards test. It is the preferred way of describing its synonym, regular education. It is preferred because the term regular connotes that children receiving special education services are somehow irregular. General Education is now the default position since the passage of the reauthorization of IDEA, now called IDEIA (The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act.) All children should spend a significant amount of time in a general education classroom, unless it is in the best interest of the child, or because the child is a danger to him/herself or others. The amount of time a child spends in the general education program is part of his or her Placement. Once again, General Education is the curriculum designed for all children which is meant to meet state standards, or if adopted, the Common Core State Standards. The General Education program is also the program which the states annual test, required by NCLB (No Child Left Behind,) is designed to evaluate.   IEPs and Regular Education ​In order to provide FAPE for special education students, IEP goals should be aligned with the Common Core State Standards. In other words, they should show that a student is being taught to the standards. In some cases, with children whose disabilities are severe, IEPs will reflect a more functional program, which will be very loosely aligned with the Common Core State Standards, rather than directly linked to specific grade level standards. These students are most often in self-contained programs. They are also the most likely to be part of the three percent of students allowed to take an alternate test. Unless students are in the most restrictive environments, they will spend some time in the regular education environment. Often, children in self-contained  programs will participate in specials such as physical education, art, and music with students in the regular or general education programs. When assessing the amount of time spent in regular education (part of the IEP report) time spent with typical students in the lunchroom and on the playground for recess is also credited as time in the general education environment.   Testing Until more states eliminate testing, participation in high stakes state tests aligned to the standards is required of special education students. This is meant to reflect how the student performs alongside their regular education peers. States are also permitted to require that students with severe disabilities are offered an alternate assessment, which should address the state standards. These are required by Federal Law, in the ESEA (Elementary and Secondary education act) and in IDEIA. Only 1 percent of all students are allowed to take an alternate test, and this should represent 3 percent of all students receiving special education services.

The Ways in Which the Stock Market Operated Assignment

The Ways in Which the Stock Market Operated - Assignment Example One of the overarching lessons I learned was with regards to the necessity of diversifying risk. As a function of this newfound information and the fact that I am generally a fiscally rational and somewhat risk-averse individual, I pursued a conservative approach. I bought Alcoa because it is a multinational corporation with a solid industrial basis that has been proven to generate solid revenue over the past several years. Additionally, due to the fact that the stock price was low when I purchased I expected that it would again gain value. I bought Dish Network because the stock has performed well over the past 4 months and I expected that it would continue to be a solid investment. Furthermore, Dish Network has been performing well in its expansion efforts around the United States. I bought Macy’s stock due to the fact that it was a solid retail outlet that has lived a long and storied past. Furthermore, I bought it as it was low priced and had lost some value of late and I expected it to rebound. Coca-Cola was also purchased as a safe bet and a company that had lost a small amount of value when I picked the stock. Similarly, it has gained value, although not much, and represents itself in the way I expected it to within the portfolio. Similarly, UBS, the banking giant, was purchased due to the fact that it was on a massive rebound after the derailment experienced during the global economic meltdown of 2007-2008. This stock, in particular, has been the brightest performer in my portfolio. Intel was chosen due to the fact that it has been a solid performer in computing solutions for decades. Unfortunately, due to some key market forces that I did not anticipate the stock was the lowest investment ratio as it lost around 14% of total value. Apple was chosen due to the fact that it has been one of the brightest performing technological manufacturers within the past several years.As such, this student was not disappointed in the fact that it produced a high degree of revenue.  

Evaluate the evidence that Mass Extinctions are Periodic Term Paper

Evaluate the evidence that Mass Extinctions are Periodic - Term Paper Example Extinction is a reality. The research touches on extinction. The research delves on the the time period of extinction. Extinction is triggered by time period. Extinction is defined as the dying of huge numbers of animals within a short period of time. Under the Permian Triassic period, animal extinction occurred on some groups of animals. Under this period, the dying of huge group so animals is identified as â€Å"Great Dying†. The extinction occurred at 251 million years ago. The period is the middle period separating the Permian Period and the Triassic Geologic periods. The period is known as the most severe because there were more extinctions during the period, when compared to the extinctions that had occurred during the other time periods (www.sciencedialy.com). Another time period is the Mesozoic The Meozoic period falls within the Phanerozoic time period. The Mesozoic period is divided into 3 periods. The there periods are the Triassic period, the Jurassic Period, and t he Cretaceous period. http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/m/mesozoic.htm A third time period is the Paleozoic. The Paleozoic period is described as the geologic time scale. It is one of the four geologic time periods. The Paleozoic time period is composed of six distinct periods. The periods begin with the Cambrian period. Next, the Ordovician period crops up. Third, the Silurian period arrives. Fourth, the Devonian Period crops up. Next, the Carboniferous period creeps in. Last, the Permian period replaces the prior time period. The Paleozoic time period begins in 542 MYA to about 251 MYA. The Paleozoic period comes after the Precambrian Period. The Mesozoic Period replaces the Paleozoic time period. The Cenozoic Time Period is divided into four classic geological years. The first is the Paleoogene period. The second period is Neogene. The paleogene is divided into four periods. The first period is the Miocene period. The second period is the Pliocene Period. The third period is t he Pleistocene. The fourth time period is the Holocene. A fourth time period is the Cretaceous -Tertiary Extinction. The Cretaceous Period is one of the major divisions of the Geological timescale. The Cretaceous period starts at the end of the Jurassic period, estimated at 146 million years ago. The Jurassic time period (which the popular dinosaur movie, Jurassic Park, was based) covers the time period from 200 Million years ago and at the end of the Triassic time period to 146 million years ago. The article Mass Extinctions : Giant Fossils Are Revolutionizing Current Thinking states the extinctions occurred from 1 million years, after the biggest extinction of all time, the Permian -Triassic extinction, had been discovered by international team (Nutzel et al. 2010). The extinction can be described as the decline in the quantity of organisms during the same time period. The article clearly shows the different mass extinctions where biodiversity is reduced. Over the past 540 years, more than 19 mass extinctions have cropped up. The factors that triggered the mass extinctions are described as environmental conditions. For example, the change of the Ocean's oxygen level to a lower, uncomfortable conditions. Next, the change ocean's waters have become poisonous. In addition, the survival of the fittest principle forces the strong animals to wipe out the weak competitors for food. Consequently, the present supply chain is disrupted. For example, the gastropods or bivalves could not adapt to

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations Essay Discuss the variety of influences to which Pip is exposed during the course of Great Expectations as he approaches adult-hood, and the ways in which the readers opinion of Pips character might alter as the story develops. Charles dickens is one of the worlds best-loved writers, and Great Expectations may be one of his most autobiographical works. The Narrator of Great Expectations, Pip, is in contrast, a man of many faults, who hides none of them from the reader. If Pip is a self-portrait, Dickens must have been a reservoir of inferiority complexes, guilt and share. Many other aspects of Great Expectations are autobiographical too. Although Dickens wasnt an orphan as Pip is but he may have well felt like one. Dickens mother apparently was a careless housekeeper. Pips sister who a few times mentions that she brought him up by hand, keeps a spotless house but she doesnt know how to make it a home. In her mind, the sole ingredients of child rearing are a firm beating and a dose of tar-water. It could be that maybe she is deliberately cruel, or maybe she has just mistaken notions of how to run a family. Pips childhood wasnt so great and as a reader will find out that he doesnt have a good perspective on Mrs. Joe. This can be any more than children do on the adults closest to them: And where the deuce ha you been? was Mrs. Joes Christmas salutation, when I and my conscience showed ourselves. (Pg. 22) When Dickens was working in the blacking warehouse at the age of twelve he was lighten up as Pip was being lighten up when he was an apprentice to Joe as a blacksmith. While Pip the narrator recognises Joes goodness, Pip as a character continues to go on treating him badly. There is a point in the story when the reader will observe that Joe forgives Pip for his behaviour. Later on Pip keeps on being a snob and for Joe its something he has to live for. Joe shows a lot of love and affection for Pip: But I did mind you Pip, he returned with tender simplicity Dont cry, old chap! (Pg. 48) Joe has a very neutral relationship with Pip although he seems to find it really hard and struggles to guide Pip and try to follow Joes example of goodness. He appears to be often weak; he lets himself be defeated by Mrs. Joe, Pumblechook and even Miss Havisham. This could be why Pip seems to dislike Joe, as he gets older. Also seeing as Pip isnt consciously virtuous, it becomes difficult for Joe to attempt to teach him. Pip is seriously disgusted with Pumblechook throughout the whole book. When as a boy, he instinctively dislikes the way Pumblechook moralises and lords it over the family. I believe it is at this point where Pips snobbish behaviour may have sharpened due to the original circle of changes and I think Pumblechook patronising and insulting Pip at the same time has given him the snobbish character: But I dont mean in that form, or, returned Mr. Pumblechook, who had an objection to being interrupted Not bringing up by hand then. Not a bit of it! (Pg. 27) At the beginning of the story in a vivid scene, Magwitch appears to be a threatening, violent character to Pip. The reader can recognise at the same time that Pip does not know that Magwitch is a big, cold, hungry and desolate. When Pip lives at the forge in the marshes the setting has influenced him. It is a gloomy spooky area with convicts. It seems that it all leads to death and punishment i. e. Mrs.Joes beating and tar-water. When it comes to Magwitch appearing from a graveyard he is like a zombie. He becomes dead when the reader carries on to read the story because Pip forgets about him and Magwitch disappears for a long while. During that time of his absence Pip then catches to encounter Miss Havisham. When Magwitch does come into sight once again when Pip is in London, Pip is looking at a much more altered version of Magwitch. At this time Magwtichs importance to Pip grows even larger as the reader will discover about Magwitch and the affect of his money to Pip. Now because of this Magwitch turns out to be a similar yet a much useful character in Pips life. Also the relationship between Pip and Magwitch strengthens and Pip commences into showing devoted attention to him. Even later on Pip is interested in almost everything that Magwitch offers to attempt to say to him. He is willing to listen to him and he becomes sympathetic towards him. When Magwitch is on the deathbed Pip is telling the story of Estella and explaining how much he loves her to him. He tries to make him happy. Dickens piles on the details about Miss Havisham, it is like as it if she irresistibly fascinates him. The more he describes her, the more intensely she stands out, looming as a weird, powerful image colouring the mood of the entire book: Look at me, said Miss Havisham. You are not afraid of a woman who and very sorry I cant play just now. (Pg. 58-59) Pip is influenced by Miss Havisham in a way to love Estella and thus he is convinced by her to love Estella even through the toughest situations. He gains to be confident with her but its strange because he can list Estellas main faults- proud, selfish, cold, cruel and unloving: Love her, love her, love her! If she favours you, love her giving up your whole heart and soul to be smiter- as I did (Pg. 240) Miss Havisham is very unpredictable and it could be why that I reckon Pip most frequently misunderstands her influences to him. She can be pretty random and she can say random, embarrassing, issuing imperious commands: Sometimes I have sick fancies, she went on, and I have a sick fancy that I want to see some playplay, play, play! (Pg. 59) Now because of her out-of-the-ordinary behaviour the reader can never tell or predict what she will be like. This can confuse Pips liking for her and then it makes the reader feel sceptical about them. The different element of Pips personality seems to be constantly in conflict. For example, when he first learns that he has expectations of a great fortune, his mind goes off in a dozen different directions- selfishness, joy, guilt, suspicion, embarrassment and fear of his own fortune. When he moves to London, he leaves all the people who still affect his life:

The Rise of Silas Lapham :: Rise Silas Lapham Essays

The Rise of Silas Lapham The virtue of the novel according to Howells lies in its formal amplitude, its ability to encompass all things, and connect all humanity. The aim of the realistic novel is to "widen the bounds of sympathy" and to proclaim the "equality of things and the unity of men." Look at the above in light of the argument Tom Corey has w/ himself after Lapham's outpouring of shame and self abasement following the disastrous dinner party. Are you convinced? What is at stake? In what way is this a turning point? (p. 197) Corey does not lower himself to Lapham's level, but rather reaffirms to himself his superiority over Lapham. He realizes the importance of maintaining his place in society in relation to Lapham, but also must "think the best of Lapham" if he plans to marry his daughter. Lapham's uncouth showing of humility reminds him of the dinner party fiasco, and likens him to the "plebeian" porter with his "gross appetites," "blunt sense," and "stupid arrogance." Despite his feelings of reproach for Lapham's behavior, it is his love for Pen which makes him see the positive side of the situation: "he knew at the bottom of his heart that which must control him last., and which seemed sweetly to be suffering his rebellion, secure of his submission in the end. It was almost with the girl's voice that it seemed to plead with him..." Pen, of course, is the one suffering his rebellion, and his rebellion is his urge to reject her for her father's low demeanor. Yet this passage is Corey's turning point, where he cements the idea that to love this girl, and love her he must, certain societal sacrifices must be made. The though of Pen works to "set all things in another and fairer light." It is then that Corey realizes the nobility in Lapham's seemingly base humility. He is able to see Lapham's outpouring of shame as something respectable and honorable that would never be found in a person of "society. The Rise of Silas Lapham :: Rise Silas Lapham Essays The Rise of Silas Lapham The virtue of the novel according to Howells lies in its formal amplitude, its ability to encompass all things, and connect all humanity. The aim of the realistic novel is to "widen the bounds of sympathy" and to proclaim the "equality of things and the unity of men." Look at the above in light of the argument Tom Corey has w/ himself after Lapham's outpouring of shame and self abasement following the disastrous dinner party. Are you convinced? What is at stake? In what way is this a turning point? (p. 197) Corey does not lower himself to Lapham's level, but rather reaffirms to himself his superiority over Lapham. He realizes the importance of maintaining his place in society in relation to Lapham, but also must "think the best of Lapham" if he plans to marry his daughter. Lapham's uncouth showing of humility reminds him of the dinner party fiasco, and likens him to the "plebeian" porter with his "gross appetites," "blunt sense," and "stupid arrogance." Despite his feelings of reproach for Lapham's behavior, it is his love for Pen which makes him see the positive side of the situation: "he knew at the bottom of his heart that which must control him last., and which seemed sweetly to be suffering his rebellion, secure of his submission in the end. It was almost with the girl's voice that it seemed to plead with him..." Pen, of course, is the one suffering his rebellion, and his rebellion is his urge to reject her for her father's low demeanor. Yet this passage is Corey's turning point, where he cements the idea that to love this girl, and love her he must, certain societal sacrifices must be made. The though of Pen works to "set all things in another and fairer light." It is then that Corey realizes the nobility in Lapham's seemingly base humility. He is able to see Lapham's outpouring of shame as something respectable and honorable that would never be found in a person of "society.

Ethnic group Essay

Race in America is one of those subjects that scholars rarely broach and are heavily criticized for these omissions by their constituents. For this reason, the subject of race and urbanization felt a proper choice for this final paper. Following, we will incorporate data from multiple sources including Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, a novel that examines the harrowing trials of different groups in Afghanistan and what happens to the ones lucky enough to escape the violence of their homeland into the safety net of American soil; in an attempt to show the inalienable link between race and urbanization. This discussion on urbanization and race in American will also include a brief discussion on classism. Classism is a part of the structural organization of society that can be measured as part of the contributing factors to the socioeconomic divisiveness experienced in this urbanized world. Some argue that gentrification, in all of its wonders is class based. Others argue it more a matter of ethnicity and race, both may be correct. Nevertheless, the issue of race, as aforementioned should be granted a closer look. By examining the ideas and experiences of anthropologists and sociologists past and present this paper will attempt to specify on how classism, racism, and urbanization are connected. Growing Cities and Ghettos The Industrial Revolution sparked an enormous wave of migrants and immigrants into American cities creating an urban ecology. Chapter 3 of the Giddens et. al. text, describes the social movement from Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft; from a community based ideology in society to a more individualized world. Afghanistan is an agriculturally based society. Urbanization is a global process that draws people away from rural areas and into the cities. Once in those cities, people tend to gravitate to areas that are inhabited by people of their same cultural fabric. In discussing theories of urbanization, gentrification and displacement, John Bentacur (2010) in Gentrification and Community Fabric in Chicago points out how people are drawn to areas that have a cultural/ethnic connectivity, â€Å"immigrants with different characteristics compete for space until they get accommodated with alike others in locations that correspond to their competitive strengths† (p 384). In the novel, The Kite Runner, Amir and his father make the arduous migration from Kabul, Afghanistan to Fremont, California. Their low income neighborhood of Fremont is ethnically diverse but with a notable concentration of Afghani residents. It makes sense that when people leave their countries of origin to settle in a new place, they will be drawn to people and areas that are familiar to them. Even with familiarity problems arise, urban studies reveal several difficulties that plague densely populated urban neighborhoods; poverty, crime and dilapidated conditions to name a few. In Afghanistan Baba, Amir’s father, was rich and even wielded some power for being a respected business man and serving the community by creating an orphanage that would later be destroyed by the Taliban regime. In America, there would be no such accolades to speak of for their family. In fact, they would live in a type of poverty, they had never experienced nor hardly imagined. They would experience the existence that many black Americans face with no end in sight. A growing world population combined with globalization and the heightened mobility that comes with it has led to the creation of cities and a scramble for affordable housing. Gentrification also known as ‘urban regeneration’ or ‘re-urbanization’ is the process that happens in a community when it becomes urbanized and consists of the higher income families moving into lower income areas. During this process demographic changes are notable; in America, gentrification is notably marked by white families moving into black neighborhoods. Race and Ethnicity America is a multicultural nation. Our history of slavery created the black and white groups and the immigrant populations from around the world contributes to a high variety of culture and ethnic background. The macro-sociological issue of race and ethnicity has been the source of much debate and discussion. The reason for this is that the issue of race has been the root cause of social and political turmoil. Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton provide the backdrop in history when segregation by race was created in America in their book American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Massey and Denton edify that racial segregation was not always a fact of life in American society and that in fact; blacks and whites lived in close proximity to each other, albeit in the alley ways of the big homes occupied by their white neighbors, â€Å"industrialization in the north unleashed a set of social, economic and technological changes that dramatically altered the urban environment in ways that promoted segregation between social groups† (1993:19-26). Urbanization and technological advancement (causing blacks in the south to migrate to northern cities by the tens of thousands) would be the foundation for residential segregation where blacks and other minorities would be relegated to the outskirts of town. Black ghettos would remain isolated from society in a manner that was rarely, experienced by the European immigrants that came to this country during industrialization. Blacks and later, Latinos, would be destined to live isolated and neglected from social organizations and deprived from many of the benefits enjoyed by white communities with little hope of escape, â€Å"not only was the segregation of European ethnic groups lower, it was also temporary. Whereas Europeans isolation indices began to drop shortly after 1920, the spatial isolation characteristics of blacks had become a permanent feature of the residential structure of large American cities by 1940† (Massey and Denton 1993:57). In America, race and ethnicity is more clearly defined than in places like Afghanistan. According to data gathered from the PBS News Hour website, Afghanistan has nine different ethnic groups that reside in different territories of the country. They have fought and continue to fight civil wars, over culture (religion), legislative power and territory. Afghanistan and the U. S. are similar in their historical oppression of one ethnic group over another. In Afghanistan, the Pashtun/Sunni have for a long time ruled the land and claimed dominion over the Hazara/Shites. The Hazara group can be considered the equivalent to the Black demographic in America where historically they were the slave class, but are currently represented in government. Statistics In a rapidly modernizing world, Afghanistan is among the severely underdeveloped countries of the Middle East. As previously mentioned, Afghanistan is a multiethnic/multifaith, agriculturally based democracy, with a history of violence. And it perhaps it is this history, in addition to deep religious belief systems that have kept this land from joining the rest of the modern world. In reviewing the Millennium Development Goals indicators, data collected by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), I reviewed several indicators that point to the fact that Afghanistan has a long road ahead. Afghanistan is making slow but sure progress trying to bring itself into a socially, politically and economically stable place. The first indicator measured the number of underweight children less than 59 months. The UNSD defines this indicator as a high number of moderately to severely underweight children, â€Å"whose weights for age are less than two standard deviations†. According to the report a healthy population will have 2. 3 percent of their children in this category. In 2004, 32. 9 percent of Afghanistan’s children were reportedly underweight, compared to 44. 9 percent in 1997. This indicator points to the poverty level and lack of nourishment recorded within a seven year period in Afghanistan. A second indicator measures women’s rights and representation in government. This indicator is defined as, â€Å"the portion of seats held by women in national parliament† increased from 3. 7 percent in 1990 to 27. 3 percent in 2006. The measurement was sustained through 2012 at 27. 7 percent. More work needs to be done and educating the population should be the place to start. Theological Link The Modernization Theory discussed in the text looks to explain the underdevelopment of countries like Afghanistan. Marx worried about capitalism and the effects it had on the lower-class population and thereby, the democratic process. Marx’s Conflict Theory dictates that societies are ruled by a small group of elite that create social order for the larger population. In this, we have the creation of divisions by class (division of labor), a central topic of discourse since the beginning of industrialized times. The French Revolution of 1787 (also known as the revolt of the bourgeois or middle-class society) creating capitalism and thereby usurping government power from monarchs. Karl Marx hated democracy. â€Å"Democracy is the road to socialism† (Karl Marx) Capitalism created tensions between the working and bourgeois classes. Summary Race and urbanization are indivisibly linked. Marxism and Class Conflict is the most applicable theory of today’s society. Considering the current events and status of world order, it is undeniable; capitalism continues to be the most powerful ideology in the world. The United States is a powerful country and the way it retains power is by unwaveringly maintaining capitalistic ideology and participating in global conflict around the world in defense of this ideology, â€Å"power, ideology, and conflict are always closely connected† (Giddens 2012:20). Societies are based on trust and these trusts are broken by the people that create and uphold unjust rules for the population of color and the poor. Works Cited Betancur, John. 2010. â€Å"Gentrification and community fabric in Chicago. † Urban Studies Journal Foundation. Sage 48(2): 383 – 407. Retrieved from http://usj. sagepub. com/content/48/2/383 Giddens, Anthony, Mitchell Duneier, Richard P. Applebaum and Deborah Carr. 2012. â€Å"Introduction to sociology. † New York: W. W. Norton and Company. Eighth ed. , pp. 15-78. Massey, Douglas and Nancy A. Denton. 1993. â€Å"The construction of the ghetto. † Pp 17-59 in American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making for the Underclass. Harvard University Press. Retrieved from http://ereserve. baruch. cuny. edu. remote. baruch. cuny. edu/eres/coursepage. aspx? cid=3155&page=docs United Nations Statistics Division. (1991-2011) [Table Data on Gender Parity Index in Primary Enrollment retrieved November 5, 2012. ] Millenium Development Goals Indicators. Retrieved from http://mdgs. un. org/unsd/mdg/Metadata. aspx? IndicatorId=0&SeriesId=559 United Nations Statistics Division. (1991-2011) [Table Data on Gender Parity Index in Primary Enrollment retrieved November 5, 2012. ] Millenium Development Goals Indicators. Retrieved from http://mdgs. un. org/unsd/mdg/Metadata. aspx? IndicatorId=0&SeriesId=557.

Jim Morrison as the Byronic Hero

In this paper I’m going to describe in what way Jim Morrison projects the majority of the characteristics of the Byronic Hero. In the first hand, I need to make a clear and consistent statement concerning the most typical features of the conventional Byronic Hero. Thorsley, the influential researcher of the Romanticism, gives the following account of the Byronic Hero: â€Å"†¦the Byronic Hero is the one protagonist who in stature and in temperament best represents the [heroic] tradition in England. † The image of the Byronic Hero is surprisingly controversial. He is usually disapproved and disregarded by the larger part of the society.Thorsley notes that, â€Å"with the loss of his titanic passions, his pride, and his certainty of self-identity, he loses also his status as hero. † Now let me list the typical features of a typical Childe Harold successor and analyze to what extent a specific feature applies to the charismatic personality of James Douglas Morr ison. In order to do it, I’m going to analyze his biography and some characteristics of his personality and musical heritage. The Byronic Hero is an extraordinary and talented young man. The tremendous success of Jim Morrison leaves no doubt in his enormous talent and energy.I dare say he was a genius for the ample reason that if we speak about the overall history of contemporary music, we should remember only two names, the Beatles and the Doors, and the Doors in the first place. Secondly, the Byronic Hero is rebellious and opposes almost all social laws and norms. He deliberately distances himself from the social institutions. This feature was characteristic of Jim Morrison from the early childhood and youth. He used to question authority and for that he was dismissed from the scout club. At night, he used to leave home secretly and go to crowded and disreputable bars.His juvenile misbehaving soon evolved into a consistent social protest expressed trough music and show. Phi losophies of Protest was his favorite course in Florida State University. He rejected social institution, and we find evidence for it in the fact that he had never been married. Instead, he â€Å"married† Patricia Kennealy in a Celtic pagan ceremony. The Byronic Hero is never impressed by rank and privilege though he may possess it. Jim Morrison might have become a representative of the â€Å"golden youth† with good education, good job and stable social position. But his choice was in favour of the flamboyant bohemian lifestyle.Another feature worth mentioning is intelligence. The conventional Byronic Hero is well-red and possibly well-bread. Jim Morrison took a keen interest in self-education; he devoted time to reading Nietzsche, Jung, Ginsberg, Joyce and Balzac. He derived inspiration in the writing of French symbolists, especially Rimbaud. It’s very interesting to observe that Arthur Rimbaud himself was an exemplary Byronic Hero, with his dark passions and i mpressive talents. By the age of fifteen, Jim was a gifted poet and painter; some sources argue that Jim Morrison had an IQ of 149.He has got good education and seen the world. This again proves that Jim Morrison projects the predominant majority of the features of the Byronic Hero. Another indicator of the Byronic Hero is the exile, usually imposed by the young men himself. Paris exile is an essential part of Jim Morrison’s biography. Jim escaped to Paris with Pamela Courson. He did so because he disliked being treated as a celebrity. He was unsatisfied with the absence of seriousness with which he was treated as an American poet. Paris seemed to provide an asylum. The Byronic Hero is continually depressed and melancholy.It’s reported that in Paris Jim searched for a sense of life and a sense himself in the world as well as for inspiration to create impressive poetry. But even in the city of great poets Jim was constantly uninspired and severely depressed. The Byronic Hero is unusually handsome and inextricably attractive, often to both sexes. I dare label Jim Morrison as the most prominent male sex-symbol of the 20th century. The Childe Harold successor is isolated and self-reliant. Although Morrison was passionate with woman, he never sometimes rejected people at all.While studying at the university, Jim lived in a house with five other students. Soon, due to his same heckling shenanigans, his roommates asked him to move out. This scenario repeated several time during Morrison’s life career. Thorsley finds a great definition of the Byronic Hero, and Jim Morrison perfectly fits it. The researcher writes that the Hero is â€Å"larger than life,† in his feelings, talent, ambition and pride. The Byronic Hero is self-destructive in the longer run. That’s the most substantial argument in proving Jim Morrison connection with the discussed image.His addiction to alcohol and drugs that progressed during the course of his life was h is titanic passion. Finally, he is believed to have died from drug overdose. He abused large quantity of heroin without knowing what exact drug it was. The consequences were easy to foresee. The ingestion of such a large quantity of a drug he had never used before caused a shock and the heart attack. Another version suggests that he did it deliberately, and the case was a typical example of a suicide. Anyway, Morrison, as a typical Byronic Hero, is a master of his own life and death.Another quality of the Byronic Hero is the ability to stay forever young. Jim Morrison died at the age of 27. Those, whom Gods love, die young. The only counter-evidence I was able to discover, is the fact that the conventional Byronic Hero is distressed by a terrible thing he committed in the past; has a hidden curse or crime. This burden forces him into a voluntary exile. We can’t say that Morrison was constantly followed by the memories of his past. His only serious and continuous crime was con nected to drug abuse, but that was typical of him during all the lifetime.But I can minimize the importance of this evidence. When he escaped to Paris, he faced a tragic dilemma in his life. His two soul-mates, Pamela Courson and Patricia Kennealy, both demanded his love. Many say that his devotion to Patricia Kennealy was greater, but Pamela let him continue his experiments with alcohol and drugs. He may have always felt guilt and regret for leaving Patricia. I consider that this essay proves with essential argumentation and evidence that Jim Morrison projects almost all the features of the Byronic Hero.James Douglas Morrison was charismatic and talented, attractive and handsome, melancholy and drug-addicted, self-destructive and often isolated. He experienced exile, guilt and depression. So I strongly deem that there are substantial grounds to state that Jim Morrison projects almost all the characteristic of the conventional Byronic Hero. Sources: Stephen Davis, Jim Morrison: Life , Death, Legend, Gotham Books, 2004. James Riordan, Jerry Prochinichy, Break on Through: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison, Perennial Currents, 1992. Peter L. Thorslev, Romantic Contraries: Freedom Versus Destiny, Yale Univ Pr. , 1984.

Antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri on different types of bacteria Essays

Antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri on different types of bacteria Essays Antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri on different types of bacteria Essay Antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri on different types of bacteria Essay ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OFPHYLLANTHUS NIRURION DIFFERENT TYPES OF BACTERIA Introduction The growing of infective disease is distributing tremendously throughout the universe. There are assorted types of intervention, either by synthetically or of course. The high use of man-made intervention may do a side consequence towards organic structure. This is due to the chemical reaction of the man-made medical specialty. Malaysia is gifted with copiousness of natural beginnings including traditional workss and herbs. Plants are rich in a broad assortment of secondary metabolites, such as tannic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to hold antimicrobic belongingss ( Cowan, 1999 ) . Traditional herb doctors used workss to handle infective disease. Many of these workss have been investigated scientifically for antimicrobic activity, and some works merchandises have been shown to suppress the growing of infective micro-organisms ( Moghaddam,etal. , 2010 ) . For illustration, the usage of cascara buckthorn ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ) and cranberry juice ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) to handle urinary piece of land infections is reported in different manuals of herbal therapy, while species such as lemon balm ( Melissa officinalis ) , garlic ( Allium sativum ) and tee tree ( Melaleuca alternifolia ) are described as broad-spectrum antimicrobic agents ( Heinrich et al. , 2004 ) . The promotion of engineerings and different types of techniques give a batch of benefit for research worker to widely detect on antimicrobic activity of workss. Example of antimicrobic trials are Genotypic Methods, Mechanism-Specific Tests, Automated Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Systems, E-Test, Dilution Methods And Disk Diffusion Method. Therefore, the survey ofPhyllanthus Niruniis conducted. 1.2PROBLEM STATEMENT Traditional workss are really indispensable and suited to be used as an alternate natural medical specialty. Unfortunately, the exposure of traditional works as medical specialty is non widely known. Peoples may be given in devouring excessively many man-made medical specialty as their intervention to some infective disease. This may do a bad side consequence to organic structure. These jobs lead to the probe on the antimicrobic activity ofPhyllanthus niruni,which is one of the traditional workss in Malaysia. 1.3Aim To find the minimal repressive concentration ( MIC ) that will suppress the growing of different types of bacteriums by the infusion ofPhyllanthus niruni. To measure the antimicrobic activity of thePhyllanthus niruritowards different category of bacteriums ( Gram-positive; Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus Cereus, Gram-negative ;Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) . Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1Herbs and Its Uses In Malaysia, traditional medical specialty has been used widely by the old folks. Traditional medical specialty refers to the usage of works s fruits, seed, and the different portion of the workss such as its root and rhizome portion. Part of the works that shows the active antimicrobic belongingss are been extracted and studied for its ability to kill or suppress the micro-organism. Herbs and herbal infusions contain different phytochemicals with biological belongingss that promote human wellness and aid cut down the hazard of chronic disease. For illustration, selected phenolic constituents of herbs ( jasmine, lavender, rose, lemon grass and Rosmarinus officinalis ) have been shown to hold potentially utile application in forestalling dental cavities and other wellness jobs associated with free radical-mediated harm through antimicrobic activites against unwritten pathogens and the antioxidant capacities ( Tsaietal. , 2008 ) . 2.2Antimicrobial Activity Microbial or micro-organism is a little microscopic populating thing that can non be seen with bare eyes. The viability of micro-organism can be observed through microscope such as the forms, colorss and size of the microorganims. Whereas, antimicrobic can be defined as a substance that may kills or suppress the presence of micro-organism. Antimicrobial is general and can be classified harmonizing to the category of being, such as fungicide which inhibits the growing of Fungis and antibacterial which inhibits the presence of bacteriums. Antimicrobial activities of spices and herbs and indispensable oils have been good known for long clip. Many surveies reported the activities of spices and herbs or indispensable oils to foodborne infective bacteriums ( Hirasa A ; Takemasa, 1998 ) . The ability ofPhyllanthus niruni,as antimicrobic activity is approved.Phyllanthus niruni,has been used in Ayurvedic medical specialty and has a broad figure of traditional utilizations including internal usage for icterus, gonorrhoea, frquent menses, diabetes, tropical usage as a cataplasm for tegument ulcers, sores, swelling and rubing. The immature shoots of the workss are administered in the signifier of an extract for the intervention of chronic dysentery ( Bharatiya, 1992 ) . There are assorted types of antimicrobic activity that we may establish in order to measure the potency of an agent to suppress micro-organism. Five different mechanism of antimicrobic activity are suppression of cell wall synthesis, break of cell-membrane map, suppression of protein synthesis, suppression of nucleic acerb synthesis, and action as antimetabolites ( Black, 2005 ) . 2.3Phyllanthus Niruri Phyllanthus niruriwhich known as Dukung Anak in Malaysia, is a little temperate herb widely distributed throughout different parts in the universe such as India, South America and Malaysia ( Rajeshkumaret Al. , 2002 ) . There are assorted common names ofPhyllanthus niruriwe may happen such asChanca piedra, quebra pedra, stone-breaker, arranca-pedras,andpunarnava. The ground ofPhyllanthus niruriis named as Stone-breaker is because of the strong roots that grip the dirt until it may shatter the rock. ThePhyllanthus niruricontains the compound that has the ability as antimicrobic agent. Harmonizing to ( Fanget Al. , 2008 ) ,Phyllanthus niruriwhich is one of the 500 temperate and tropical species ofPhyllanthus(Spurge family) have been normally used as folk medical specialty in most tropical states. For the past decennary, phenolic compounds have gained an intense focal point of research due to their strong antioxidant activities and ability to scavenge free groups ( Chanet Al. , 2009 ) . Besides, an unpublished optimized status for phenolic compound extraction from Dukung Anak had been studied and suggested that the optimal extraction temperature was 33.1oC, extraction clip 40 min and solvent concentration 60.4 % ethyl alcohol. This optimized status was studied at fixed solid-to-solvent ratio at 1:10. Apart from that, it was reported that the phenolic content is affected by the extraction dissolver volume being used ( Tanet Al. , 2011 ) . Figure 1.1: The vena construction ofPhyllanthus nirurifoliages Figure 1.2: Top ofPhyllanthus niruri Figure 1.3: Fruits ofPhyllanthus nirurifrom the side position 2.3.1Scientific categorization ofPhyllanthus Niruri Phyllanthus nirurihas different categorization of species such as P. gunnii, P. tenellusP. similisP. hirtellus and P. gasstroemii. Diagram 1 ( a ) The phyletic tree in diagram 1 ( a ) above shows wherePhyllanthus niruritantrums into the expansive strategy of categorization. This phyletic tree is based on molecular grounds and was modified from the text edition written by Campbell, N.A. , Reece, J.B. , Urry, L.A. , Cain, M.L. , Wasserman, S.A. , Minorsky, P.V. , and Jackson, R.B From the diagram 1 ( a ) shown, thePhyllanthus nirurispecies can be categorized in chronological order by get downing from the sphere of life things which is the bacterium. In the beings of eucaryotic bacteriums, the cell organs are surrounded by the dual membrane which posses true nucleus. Following, for the 2nd portion of the diagram, it shows the land of scientific categorization ofPhyllanthus niruriwhich is the Plantae. Plantae is differ from animate being, the beings in Plantae contains cell wall and can bring forth its ain nutrient through the procedure of photosynthesis. Following, for the Phylum, the class can be recognized underPhyllanthus niruriis Anthophyta which is the group that will bring forth flowers because of the being of flowering plants. Anthophyta is besides can be characterized as holding true foliages, roots and roots since they produce fruits and flowers. Following, is the Magnoliosida ( Eudicotyledons ) which have the pat root ( chief root ) and the foliages are in venas net like. Next, in the order categorization,Phyllanthus nirurican be categorized in the order of Euphorbiales which is the group of unisexual flowers. Phyllanthus as the genus bring forthing flowers on their ain foliages. Last, the species isPhyllanthus nirurior besides known as the stonebreaker. 2.3.3Uses and application ofPhyllanthus Niruri The usage of workss to mend or battle unwellness is every bit old as world. Since age long, workss have remained the footing for the development of modern drugs for human wellness ( Uzoma, 2004 ) . Histological surveies of the stomachic wall revealed that negative control rats suffered really terrible harm of stomachic mucous membrane, along with hydrops and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal bed compared to rats pre-treated withP. nirurileaf extract where there was marked stomachic protection along with decrease or suppression of hydrops and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosa. The present determination suggests thatP. nirurileaf extract promotes ulcer protection as ascertained by the comparative lessenings in ulcer countries, suppression or decrease of hydrops and leukocyte infiltration of the submucosa ( Abdullal* , 2010 ) In Brazil, a tea made from the worksPhyllanthus niruri( rock ledgeman or quebra pedra ) has been used in folk medical specialty to handle urinary concretions, among other conditions. Alkaloids from workss of the genusPhyllanthus niruripresent an antispasmodic activity taking to smooth musculus relaxation, largely evidenced in the urinary piece of land, which would ease the riddance of urinary concretion. ( Nishiuraetal. , 2004 ) . 2.4Bacterias Bacterias can be classified as one of the micro of the forms are cocci, B, rod and spherical. The illustration of the bacterium s forms are as shown below: Diagram 2 ( a ) Beginning of illustration: Kathleen Park Talaro and Arthur Talaro, Bacterial forms and agreements, 1999. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Bacterial species can be divided into two types of bacterium which is the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteriums. Gram staining is the method used to distinguish the category of bacteriums by the chemical and physical belongingss of their cell walls by observing peptidoglycan, which is present in a thick bed in Gram-positive bacteriums. Different types of gm shows different types of reactions toward the staining method. Gram positive bacteriums stain bluepurple and Gram negative bacteriums stain ruddy. The difference between the two groups is believed to be due to a much larger peptidoglycan ( cell wall ) in Gram positives. As a consequence the I and crystal violet precipitate in the thickened cell wall and are non eluted by intoxicant in contrast with the Gram negatives where the crystal violet is readily eluted from the bacterium. As a consequence, bacteriums can be distinguished based on their morphology and staining belongingss Mention Plants are rich in a broad assortment of secondary metabolites, such as tannic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to hold antimicrobic belongingss. Mailing reference: Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Middletown Campus, 4200 East University Blvd. , Middletown, OH 45042. Telephone: ( 513 ) 727-3231. Facsimile: ( 513 ) 727-3367. Electronic mail: cowanmm @ muohio.edu. 1999. accesed on 12/11/14 Mollazadeh-Moghaddam K, Arfan M, Rafique J, Rezaee S, Jafari Fesharaki P, Gohari AR, Shahverdi AR ( 2010 ) . The fungicidal activity of Sarcococca saligna ethyl alcohol infusion and its combination consequence with fluconazole against different immune Aspergillus species .Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology162( 1 ) : 127–33. Department of the Interior: 10.1007/s12010-009-8737-2. PMID 19685213. Heinrich et al. , 2004 Heinrich, M. , Barnes, J. , Gibbons, S. , Williamson, E.M. , 2004. Fundamentalss of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. Churchill Livingstone, Edinbrugh, pp. 245–252. Rajeshkumar, N. V. , Joy, K. L. , Kuttan, G. , Ramsewak, R. S. , Nair, M. G. and Kuttan, R. 2002. Anti-tumour and anti-carcinogenic activity ofPhyllanthus amarusinfusion. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 81: 17–22. Fang, S. H. , Rao, Y. K. and Tzeng, Y. M. 2008. Antioxidant and inflammatory mediator’s growing repressive effects of compounds isolated fromPhyllanthus urinaria.Journal of Ethnopharmacology 116: 333–340. Chan, E.W.C. , Lim, Y.Y. , Wong, S.K. , Lim, K.K. , Tan, S.P. and Lianto, F. S. 2009. Effectss of different drying methods on the antioxidant belongingss of foliages and tea of ginger species. Food Chemistry 113 ( 1 ) : 166–172. Tan, P. W. , Tan, C. P. and Ho, C. W. 2011. Antioxidant belongingss: Consequence of solid-to-solvent ratio on antioxidant compounds and capacities of Pegaga (Centella asiatica) . International Food Research Journal 18: 553-558. Uzoma, I. , 2004. Chanca piedra ( Phyllanthus niruni amarus ) . What a utile medicative works. Samdim publishing houses, Aba, Nigeria. J.L. Nishiura A.H. Campos M.A. Boim I.P. Heilberg N.Schor Phyllanthus niruri normalizes elevated urine in Ca rock forming ( CSF ) patients. 19 June 2004 accessed on 949pm 12/11/14 Gastroprotective consequence of Phyllanthus niruri foliage infusion against ethanol-induced stomachic mucosal hurt in rats Mahmood Ameen Abdulla1* , Khaled Abdul-Aziz Ahmed1,2, Fouad Hussain AL-Bayaty3and Yaghma Masood3 1Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen. 3Faculty of Dentistry, University of Technology of Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia. Accepted: 25 February 2010Published: 31 May 2010 Copyright  ©2010Author ( s ) retain the right of first publication of this article. This article is published under the footings of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

Myths About Domestic Violence

Myths About Domestic Violence Lawanna Lynn Campbell endured a marriage full of domestic violence, infidelity, crack cocaine addiction, and alcohol abuse. When she was told to keep silent about being abused by her husband, she took matters into her own hands. After 23 years, she eventually escaped and made a new life for herself. Below, Campbell discusses the myths surrounding domestic abuse and their impact as she struggled to break free from a life of pain, shame, and guilt. MYTH Boyfriends and girlfriends sometimes push each other around when they get angry, but it rarely results in anyone getting seriously hurt. When I was 17, my boyfriend went for my throat and choked me in a fit of jealous rage upon learning that I had dated others before we became exclusive. I thought this was an involuntary reflex he could not control. I believed that his outburst showed just how much he really loved me and wanted me for himself. I quickly forgave him after he apologized, and in some morbid way, felt flattered to be loved so much. I later found out that he was very much in control of his actions. He knew exactly what he was doing. People who abuse often use a series of tactics besides violence including threats, intimidation, psychological abuse and isolation to control their partners. And if it happened once it would happen again. And sure enough, that incident was only the beginning of more acts of violence that led to serious injuries throughout our years together. FACT As many as one-third of all high school and college-age young people experience violence in an intimate or dating relationship. Physical abuse  is as common among high school and college-age couples as married couples. Domestic violence is the number one cause of injury to women between the ages of 15-44 in the U.S. – more than car accidents, muggings and rapes combined. And, of the women murdered each year in the U.S., 30% are killed by their current or former husband or boyfriend. MYTH Most people will end a relationship if their boyfriend or girlfriend hits them. After that first incident of abuse, I believed that my boyfriend was truly sorry and that he wouldn’t ever hit me again. I rationalized that it was only this one time. After all, couples often have arguments and fights that are forgiven and forgotten. My parents fought all the time, and I believed that behavior was normal and unavoidable in marriage. My boyfriend would buy me things, take me out, and show me attention and affection in an effort to prove his sincerity, and he promised that he would never hit me again. This is called â€Å"the honeymoon† phase. I believed the lie and within months I married him. FACT Nearly 80% of girls who have been physically abused in their intimate relationships continue to date their abuser after the onset of violence. MYTH If a person is really being abused, it’s easy to just leave. It was extremely complicated and difficult for me to leave my abuser, and there were several factors that delayed and hindered my decision to get away from him. I had a strong religious background and believed it was my obligation to forgive him and to submit to his authority as my husband. This belief kept me living in an abusive marriage. I also believed that even though we weren’t fighting all the time, it really wasn’t that bad. He owned a business, and at one point, was the pastor of a church. We were prosperous, had a beautiful home, drove nice cars, and I enjoyed the status of being the perfect middle-class family. And so, for the sake of money and status, I stayed. Another reason why I stayed was for the sake of the children. I didn’t want my children to be psychologically damaged coming from a broken home. I had been psychologically and emotionally abused for so long that I developed low self-esteem and had a low self-image. He consistently reminded me that no one else would ever love me like he did and that I should’ve been glad that he married me in the first place. He would belittle my physical characteristics and remind me of my shortcomings and faults. I often went along with whatever my husband wanted to do just to avoid a fight and to avoid being left alone. I had my own guilt issues and believed that I was being punished and deserved the misfortune that happened to me. I believed that I could not survive without my husband and was afraid of being homeless and destitute. And even after I left the marriage, I was stalked and almost killed by him. This type of psychological abuse is often ignored by the victims of domestic violence. Since there are no visible scars we think we’re okay, but in fact, the psychological and emotional torments are the ones that have the most lasting impact on our lives even long after the abuser is out of our lives. FACT There are many complicated reasons why it’s difficult for a person to leave an abusive partner. One common reason is fear. Women who leave abusers are at a 75% greater chance of being killed by the abuser than those who stay. Most people who are abused often blame themselves for causing the violence. No one is ever to blame for another person’s violence. Violence is always a choice, and the responsibility is 100% with the person who is violent. It is my desire that we become educated about the warning signs of domestic abuse and encourage women to break the cycle of abuse by breaking the silence. Sources: Barnett, Martinex, Keyson, â€Å"The relationship between violence, social support, and self-blame in battered women,† Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1996.Jezel, Molidor, and Wright and the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, ​Teen Dating Violence Resources Manual, NCADV, Denver, CO, 1996.Levy, B., Dating Violence: Young Women in Danger, The Seal Press, Seattle, WA, 1990. Straus, M.A., Gelles R.J. Steinmetz, S., Behind Closed Doors, Anchor Books, NY, 1980.U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics’ National Crime Victimization Survey, 1995. Uniform Crime Reports, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1991.Violence Against Women: Estimates from the Redesigned Survey, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, August 1995.

Health Care Reform -SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Care Reform -SLP - Essay Example that there is a need to appreciate all that has been achieved in the last five years given that a lot of initiatives have been completed through the help of funds and grants from well wishers and foundations that have seen the need to support community based projects. Some foundations have so far given to different healthcare centers grants to support schemes that they are undertaking. Clearly, many people in the state have been able to benefit from this initiative given that children have gone to schools and have been able to receive treatment despite them not being insured. The main aim of all the initiatives being undertaken by the state is to ensure that more children eligible for enrollment are introduced to this scheme. It is also for the benefit of the state that all people, whether with insurance or not, get treatment at no greater costs (David, 126). Illinois has of late been on an asset-building spree where it has been able to accumulate the required assets to help it trend on with its policies. It has established certain priorities that have since been the key to accounting for the use of all the assets that have been accumulated by the different funding initiatives. The first one is education and training which it was directed towards the achievement of literacy on health education to ensure that people get to know how to safeguard their bodies using possible preventive ways. It also sort to direct its assets towards improvement of healthcare and make sure that it is available to all the citizens without much ado. It is clear that the state is willing to bring everyone on board to ensure that the whole society is free from diseases. It has been noted that implementation of primary care case management would address the accessibility and quality of the healthcare offered. This initiative received much applause given that it wo uld ensure responsive healthcare delivery. It was meant to focus on preventive healthcare and also promote health and primary

OPERATIONS AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

OPERATIONS AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT - Assignment Example Starting with a general definition of manufacturing process, manufacturing processes are a collection of methods that converts â€Å"naturally occurring raw materials into desired end-products† (Harrington, 1984). In other words, raw materials are collected and by means of a chain of production activities, are converted into end-products. A rather precise definition is given by Halevi (1999): â€Å"the manufacturing process is a chain of activities directed toward meeting a set of objectives defined by management.† The objectives include development and production of products, production of customer-designed products, and reproduction of products manufactured in the past. Although manufacturing environments differ due to the differences in industry types, the fundamental principles of manufacturing processes remain similar and common to all industry types. Classification of manufacturing processes primarily includes two broad categories: shaping and non-shaping processes, or rather specifically, primary shaping and secondary shaping processes. Primary shaping processes are also known as basic manufacturing processes, which are the oldest manufacturing processes and still the most used processes. These manufacturing processes are used to produce or manufacture a product directly to its usable form without any machining. So these processes are relatively cheaper. Examples of products made by using primary shaping processes include cast-iron articles, hot-rolled metal products such as channels, rods, bar stocks, etc. Secondary shaping processes are usually carried out for further refinement of products manufactured from the primary shaping processes. Some of the examples of products made by using secondary shaping processes are the hot-rolled products that are required to undergo further refinement in shape and size. This paper will focus particularly on the casting processes. Casting, also known as metal casting, is one of the